Urban Water Management Through Free Geotecnology: a Case Study of Teofilo Otoni, Mg, Brazil (PAP014970)

Código

PAP014970

Autores

Caio Mário Leal Ferraz, Adriana Cavalieri Sais

Tema

Land use and Floods, landslides and erosion

Resumo

In Brazil, where urban planning is still treated as a legal obligation and not as a practice to be adopted for the sustainable growth of cities, the use of geotecnologies and freely available data can assist in urban areas diagnosis and monitoring. Thus, this study aimed to develop a geographic information system based on data freely available by their guardians and processed in QGIS software. Teofilo Otoni is a city of 3.242 km ², located in the northeast of the state of Minas Gerais, in a region characterized by low values of Human Development Index - HDI, compared to other regions of Brazil. The city with 110.076 habitants is the largest in its region. His uncontrolled growth in the middle of a dissected topography has generated many urban problems. Stand out from the illegal occupation of hillsides and severe siltation of springs and watercourses, generating landslides and floods. The work also emphasizes the urban fabric, historically developed along the main river courses and subsequently occupying areas of steep slopes and significant instability. Regarding water, are frequent and increasingly intense floods during rain, while there are problems with the decrease of the flow of laughter and groundwater availability during drought. Such problems cause disorders in the public supply and the dilution of wastewater (domestic sewage) that are still posted, mostly untreated, into waterways that run through the city. The geographical database was constructed from data from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estagística - IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) e the Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA (National Water Agency), where the vector hydrography data and municipal boundary limits of the main watersheds were obtained. Was also used data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission - SRTM in Brazil processed and transformed into documents on the scale of 1:250,000 by EMBRAPA. In addition, it was used satellite images provided by the National Institute for Space Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE). All resources are in Brazil freely available. The software used was QGIS, a free and open source Geographic Information System that made the processing of geographical information, methodologies that associated with water management, allowed the delineation of watersheds with reasonable detail, their morphometric characterization and determination of minimum, average and maximum flow rates to points considered strategic. The results also highlight the areas of greatest concentration of storm water (runoff) as areas at risk of flooding. The results also highlight the areas of greatest concentration of storm water (runoff) as areas at risk of flooding. The information available, free geotecnologies handled are essential for urban planning and can be used by municipal administrators in low-income and technological deficit areas.