EROSÃO HÍDRICA E PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DO SOLO EM DIFERENTES CULTURAS AGRÍCOLAS

Código

PAP057

Autores

Dorly Scariot Pavei, Felipe Das Neves Monteiro, Roniedison da Silva Menezes, Karina Falcão, Wander Cardoso Valim, Sonia Armbrust Rodrigues, Eloi Panachuki

Tema

HIDROSSEDIMENTOLOGIA NO CONTEXTO DO NEXO

Resumo

The intensive use of the soil for food production can compromise its productive capacity due to its misuse and inadequate managements that promote erosion. With the excessive preparation of the soil occurs the reduction of the vegetal cover, roughness and increase of the degree of pulverization of the superficial layer, favoring the formation of the superficial sealing and subsurface compaction. Water erosion transports soil particles, nutrients and organic matter, which are essential for the development of crops. The present study had as objective to evaluate the soil physical properties and soil and water losses in different cropping systems, under the application of simulated rainfall. The work was carried out in an experimental present in the University Unit of Aquidauana, between 2010 and 2012, in a soil classified as sandy loam dystrophic Red Argisol with a mean slope of the experimental area of 0.03 m m-1. In order to evaluate soil and water losses, the precipitation intensity of 60 mm h-1was applied using a portable rainfall simulator. The treatments evaluated were: native mata, maize (Zea mays L.), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), jatropha curcas L., cultivated pasture (Brachiaria ruziziensis), pasture in advanced degradation stage and conventional tillage. The experimental design was a randomized block with seven treatments and four replications, totalizing, therefore, 28 experimental plots. Vegetation cover increases runoff time and reduces accumulated losses of soil and water in cultivated pasture, native forest, maize and beans, when compared to conventional tillage and jatropha. The native forest presents lower soil density and adequate distribution of total porosity between macroporosity and microporosity. Poor management of degraded pasture increases soil density and greatly reduces macroporosity.